Structural properties of ultra-small thorium and uranium dioxide
The combined synthesis and physical characterization efforts provide a detailed picture of actinide oxide structure at the nanoscale, which remains highly underexplored compared to transition metal counterparts. ... (NPs) without the use of surface ligands by using COF-5 as a size-directing template and tetravalent thorium and …Web
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thorium extraction process: Topics by Science.gov
A method is given for preparing millimeter-size, highdensity thorium oxide particles suitable for fabrication into nuclear reactor feel elements by means of vibratory compaction. A thorium oxide gel containing 3.7 to 7 weight per cent residual volatile nitrate and water is prepared by drying a thorium oxide sol. The gel is then slowly heated to ...Web
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Characteristic Properties of Thorium. Oxide Particles
Physicochemical characterization of the formation course of dysprosium oxide from hydrated dysprosium nitrate; thermoanalytical and microscopic studies. Colloids and …Web
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Thorium coordination: A comprehensive review based on coordination
The authors prepared the complex from the reaction of thorium nitrate with ammonium nitrate in stoichiometric proportions in a ... to 2.642 (3) Å, resulting in average bite angles of 48.86° and 69.76° between the nitrato oxygen atoms and the thorium atom, as well as, the phosphine oxide oxygen atoms, respectively. Download : Download high ...Web
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SAFETY DATA SHEET THORIUM OXIDE
(Thorium oxide). VENTILATION: At a minimum, provide local exhaust or process enclosure ventilation. Depending upon the specific work place activity, a more stringent ventilation system may be necessary to comply with exposure limits set forth in 10 CFR 20.103. One method of controlling external radiation exposure is to provide adequate ...Web
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Chemistry of Thorium
Thorium was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and was identified by the Swedish chemist Jons Jakob Berzelius. It was named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder. ... The oxide is used in high-quality lenses. An isotope of thorium can be "bred" into uranium-234 by bombardment with slow neutrons. …Web
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Aqueous Reprocessing by THOREX Process | SpringerLink
Thorium nitrate product is converted into oxide following established routes. 3.4 Solid, ... The final procedure adopted for the thorium oxide dissolution was a two-stage process based on the favorable dissolving rate of thoria at high acid concentrations and the more rapid dissolution of aluminum at low acid concentrations …Web
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Nature, Sources, Resources, and Production of Thorium
Thorium is a naturally occurring, slightly radioactive element. It is widely distributed in nature with an average concentration of 10.5 ppm Th in the upper earth's crust. In general, thorium occurs in relatively small number in Th-enriched minerals: thorite, thorianite, monazite, bastnaesite, and thorogummite. However, the main world resources …Web
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inorganic chemistry
The least dangerous way to obtain a water soluble thorium compound is to dissolve the Thorium oxide in a solution of $8-13 molcdot l^{-1} HNO_{3}$ and $0.02-0.05 molcdot l^{-1} F^{-}$ at temperatures of $50-70°C$ (The fluoride ion concentration can be achieved by adding any fluoride salts which will produce it or by adding ...Web
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Solvent Extraction and Separation of Thorium(IV) from
The extractive properties of diphenyl-N,N-dimethyl carbamoyl methyl phosphine oxide (DPDMCMPO) towards thorium(IV) and europium(III) ions were studied in dichloromethane in nitrate media at 293 K . The synergistic effect of mixtures of Cyanex 923 and organophosphorus acids including P 2 O 4, P 5 O 7 and Cyanex 272 were applied …Web
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'. t OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Development of …
for uranium oxide and uranium-thorium oxides prepared by ther- mal . denitration of . netal . nitrate-NHqN03 solutions. For . metal . nitrate-HN03 feed solutions without NH4NO3, the pellet micro- structures . were . poor, and the pellet densities . were 68 . to . 76% . of the theoretical values. From these results without pluto-Web
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Thorium nitrate | chemical compound | Britannica
In thorium processing: Thorium nitrate. Aqueous solutions of highly purified thorium nitrate, Th (NO 3) 4, are produced when thorium ores are processed ( see above …Web
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Thorium | SpringerLink
The name thorium was derived from Thor, Scandinavian god of war. Interest in the metal and its oxide lagged until about 1884. The interest in thorium for nuclear energy application is increased owing to its abundance in the Earth's crust 0.0012% thorium as compared to 0.0004% uranium. Thorium is a major potential source for increasing the ...Web
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Thorium
Thorium's use in most products was generally limited because of concerns over its naturally occurring ... Compounds (oxide, nitrate, and so forth) 3 21,000 154,000 60,000 4 6,000 31,000 Consumption, apparent: 4 Ore and concentrates (monazite) 1,000 — 3,000 W W Compounds (oxide, nitrate, and so forth) NA NA NA NA NA ...Web
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CHAPTER 4. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION
insoluble thorium compounds are presented in . Table 4-2. Water-soluble thorium compounds include the chloride, fluoride, nitrate, and sulfate salts (Weast 1983). These compounds dissolve fairly readily in water. Soluble thorium compounds, as a class, have greater bioavailability than the insoluble thorium compounds.Web
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Membranes | Free Full-Text | Thorium Removal, Recovery and
Although only a slightly radioactive element, thorium is considered extremely toxic because its various species, which reach the environment, can constitute an important problem for the health of the population. The present paper aims to expand the possibilities of using membrane processes in the removal, recovery and recycling of …Web
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SWLDQPRQD]LWHPLQHUDODFLGSURFHVV 4
45% thorium content in case of ideal optimized whole process. The purification was carried out after the caustafication and leaching with hydrochloric acid followed by the addition of oxalic acid at pH 0.3-0.4 to produce thorium oxalate with 91.68 % purity. Thorium oxalate was transformed to oxide by caustafication then washed and …Web
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HEALTH EFFECTS
The estimated LD 50 doses were 370.8 mg thorium/kg for thorium nitrate and 589.1 mg thorium/kg for thorium chloride; no significant increases in mortality were observed at 2,000 mg thorium/kg as thorium dioxide, …Web
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NBL Program Office | Department of Energy
SDS-Thorium Oxide Impurity Standard . C066. Thorium Oxide ThO2 22 Element Impurity. SDS-Uranium Hexafluoride (UF6) C113B. Uranium Hexafluoride (4.5% U-235) SDS-Uranium Metal . ... Nitrate Solution (99.49% U-233) National Nuclear Security Administration. 1000 Independence Ave., S.W. Washington, DC 20585. Phone: 202-586-5000Web
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Thorium Nitrate, Crystal, 95%, Spectrum™ Chemical
Fisher Scientific - Spectrum Chemical - Thorium Nitrate, Crystal, Reagent, 0.95 Shop Thorium Nitrate, Crystal, 95%, Spectrum™ Chemical at Fishersci Thorium …Web
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The Hydrolysis of Thorium(IV) at 0 and 95°
Assessment of surface reactivity of thorium oxide in conditions close to chemical equilibrium by isotope exchange 229 Th/ 232 Th method. Radiochimica Acta 2017, 105 (6), 471-485.Web
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CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION
Water-soluble thorium compounds include the chloride, fluoride, nitrate, and sulfate salts . These compounds dissolve fairly readily in water. ... Vandenborre et al. (2010) scanned the surface of sintered thorium oxide using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and found it to consist of two forms, 80% ThO 2 and 20% ThO x ...Web
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Preparation and properties of active thorium oxide from thorium
The thorium nitrate used in preparing the catalyst samples was the tetrahydrate, 303 304 BREY, JB., DAVIS, SCHMIDT, AND MOBAND as obtained from Fisher Scientific Com- …Web
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Thorium-nitrate at Thomas Scientific
The Ricca Chemical thorium AA standard with a composition of 96.85% water, 2.91% nitric acid and 0.24% thorium nitrate, is suitable for research and laboratory use. It can be stored at a temperature of 15 to 30 degree C. Compare this item.Web
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INGESTED NITRATE AND NITRITE
individual salts. The highly water-soluble nitrate and nitrite ions are of interest here and the patterns of occurrence and levels of human exposures to nitrate and nitrite ions are described in Sections 1.3 and 1.4. 1. Exposure Data Nitrate and nitrite are naturally occurring ions that are part of the nitrogen cycle andWeb
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Separation, purification and recovery of thorium from
In nature, thorium is more abundant than uranium . Researchers are predicting that a future energy source could be thorium. Recently, a reported economic analysis of the thorium extraction process from monazite concluded that for ten tons of thorium oxide production the minimum cost of ~ $501.18 to $553.17 kg −1 can be …Web
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Synthesis of thorium tetrafluoride (ThF4) by ammonium hydrogen
The present study aims to investigate the fluorination of thorium oxide (ThO 2) by ammonium hydrogen difluoride (NH 4 HF 2).Fluorination was performed at room temperature by mixing ThO 2 and NH 4 HF 2 at different molar ratios, which was then left to react for 20 days. Next, the mixtures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) at the …Web
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The Radioactivity of Thorium in Lanterns
(See fig. 1.) This piece is dipped into thorium nitrate where it dries and is later coated with other substances that affect the light's brightness. [4] Once the lamp is lit, the heat leads to the glow of the thorium along with …Web
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Thorium
Thorium's use in most products was generally limited because of concerns over its naturally occurring radioactivity. Imports of thorium compounds are sporadic owing to changes in ... Compounds (oxide, nitrate, etc.) (5) 2,410 6,000 800 1,500 Price, average value, compounds, India, 6. dollars per kilogram 65 73 72 72 NA Net import reliance. 7.Web
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ChemTeam: Rutherford's Discovery of Half-Life
The oxide is prepared by the latter by igniting thorium nitrate obtained from monazite sand. 230 The amount of discharge caused by the emanation is increased several times by the conversion of the nitrate into the oxide; but at the same time, the rate of discharge due to the ordinary radiation emitted by the thorium is increased in about an ...Web
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