On the mechanism of exfoliation of 'Vermiculite'
The potassium content of this material is in fact far too low for a pure phlogopite and XRD evidence presented in Üçgül & Girgin is suggestive of some …
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Swelling minerals in a basalt and its weathering products …
The main clay mineral in weathered basaltic rubble has been shown by X-ray diffraction, chemical, infrared and differential thermal methods to be an interstratification of montmorillonite, vermiculite and illite in the approximate ratio 2:1:1, the montmorillonite having some degree of segregation and the vermiculite and illite being randomly …
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Synthesis of nano-layered vermiculite of low density by …
The XRD of the raw material shows the peaks characteristic of vermiculite (Fig. 2 a).Several peaks at 6.22°, 7.13° and 7.42°, indicate the presence of various hydrated interlayer cations such as Mg 2+ and K +.A large peak at 3.52° corresponds to some interstratification, while a peak at 18.36° is due to a low amount of octahedral iron in …
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Interstratified Clays as Fundamental Particles: A Discussion
Authors and Affiliations. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, P.O. Box 1106, New Haven, Connecticut, 06504, USA. B. L. Sawhney. Department of Earth ...
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XRD and HRTEM Evidence for Fixation of Cesium Ions in Vermiculite Clay …
XRD and HRTEM Evidence for Fixation of Cesium Ions in Vermiculite Clay. T. Kogure, K. Morimoto, +2 authors. A. Yamagishi. Published 24 March 2012. Materials Science. Chemistry Letters. X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed that cesium ions (Cs+'s) in a vermiculite clay formed a segregated …
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Interstratification in Vermiculite
Additions of varying amounts of potassium or cesium, ranging from 10% to of exchange capacity, to Ca-saturated clay showed that the collapse of the vermiculite lattice proceeds through a 1:1 regular interstratification of a 15 Å and a 10 …
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Dehydration and rehydration of vermiculites: I. Phlogopitic Mg-vermiculite
Dehydration and rehydration of a phlogopitic Mg-vermiculite were studied by thermo-analysis (TG, DSC) and in situ X-ray powder diffractometry. A detailed analysis of the relation between temperature and state of hydration of the vermiculite was rendered possible by use of slow heating rates in combination with a fast-recording position …
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Vermiculite: Structural Properties and Examples of the …
vermiculite layers (d = 1.47 nm, two-water layer hydration) and two–one layer hydration interstratification with d = 1.21 nm. The structural formula of vermiculites is often reported on the ...
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Mixed-layer clays | SpringerLink
Sp–C interstratification is accompanied by interstratification of polytypes. Chlorite–Smectite (vermiculite) (C–S) C–S is the second most common mixed-layer mineral in sedimentary rocks, often occurring together with I-S, and is characteristic of hypersaline facies, volcanoclastic rocks and graywackes ( Reynolds, 1988 ).
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Interstratified Clay Minerals | SpringerLink
Abstract. Interstratification is a phenomenon that was first observed on studying clay minerals by X-ray diffraction. It was noted that the majority of them had basal reflections (001), which did not form a regular series. It was verified that this irregularity was due to the interstratification of different types of crystalline layers.
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Sequential structure transformation of illite-smectite-vermiculite
For mixed-layer clay fractions from the North Sea and Denmark, X-ray diffractograms have been recorded for specimens saturated with Mg, Ca, Na and NH 4, both airdry and intercalated with ethylene glycol, and the patterns have been computer-simulated with a multicomponent program.The mixed-layer fractions consist of an illite-smectite …
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INTER STRATIFIED CLAY MINERALS AND …
interstratification occurs both in ctahedral and dioctahedral forms. The ctahedral form is often in large crystals consisting of regularly alternating layers of biotite and …
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Microwave Exfoliation of Vermiculite and Phlogopite
Vermiculites and phlogopites can be exfoliated by chemical and thermal treatment methods to obtain chemically inert, adsorbent, fire-resistant, low-density materials with excellent thermal and acoustic insulation properties. The water content of the clay generally determines the extent of exfoliation and the presence of interstratification is …
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The mineralogy of four heaving clays
The remaining sites (Kimberley and Rosebank) lacked discrete smectite and the expansive mineral was identified as an illite/beidellite or illite/vermiculite interstratification in which the swelling component contributes between 40 and 60% of layers. All of the materials had a high proportion of fine relative to total clay (57–94%).
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Dehydration and rehydration of vermiculites: II. Phlogopitic Ca-vermiculite
In confirmation of results obtained earlier with Mg-vermiculite, regular interstratification occurred at dehydration during the transition between two- to one- and between one- to zero-layer hydrates showing integral series of 00 l reflections with basal spacings of 2.67 and 2.11 nm, respectively.
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Formation et applications de complexes mica-vermiculite …
Flakes of an interstratified mica vermiculite (area 1–4 mm 2) are treated by concentrated sodium chloride solutions. In these conditions, a salt adsorption occurs in the vermiculite interlayer spacings beside the ion exchange. The salt adsorption prevails in concentrated solution whereas the ion exchange prevails in less concentrated solution.
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An Unusually Interlayered Clay Mineral from the Eluvial …
An Unusually Interlayered Clay Mineral from the Eluvial Horizon of a Humus-Iron Podzol - Volume 29 Issue 1 ... contains 3.4% non-exchangeable K 2 O and is considered to be an interstratified mica-vermiculite formed by the weathering of mica. The contraction of the basal spacing with glycol is probably due to water being removed from …
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INTER STRATIFIED CLAY MINERALS AND WEATHERING …
INTERSTRA T1FIED CLAY MINERALS AND WEATHERING PROCESSES 103 and a non integral series of OOi reflections (Fig. 2i). Both the partially ordered and randomly interstratified illite-smectites are aluminous and dioctahedral in nature. Interstratifiedmica-vermiculite. This type of interstratification occurs both in ctahedral and dioctahedral
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Far infrared study of K+, Rb+ and Cs+ during their …
All the exchange isotherms of Na + or Ca 2+ in vermiculite for K +, Rb + or Cs + show two kinds of exchanges sites: the first corresponds to sites located in phlogopite-like interlamellar spaces and the second to sites located in smectite-like interlamellar spaces. During the exchange, three mineralogical phases are formed: Na- or Ca-vermiculite; K-, …
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Weathering of biotite to vermiculite in Quaternary lahars …
The weathering of biotite in Quaternary lahars from Monti Ernici (Central Italy) via interstratification stages has been studied by X-ray diffraction of both the interstratified minerals and the initial (biotite) and final (vermiculite) end-members. The structure of the biotite and vermiculite is described by means of monodimensional Fourier ...
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(PDF) Interstratified Clay Minerals and Weathering Processes …
INTRODUCTION Interstratification of clay minerals belonging to 2: 1 or 2: 2 types occurs extensively in soils and sediments, but there are only a few reports of participation by a 1 : 1 mineral ...
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On the mechanism of exfoliation of 'Vermiculite'
Lateral phase boundaries between vermiculite and mica layers, or vermiculite and chlorite layers are postulated to prevent or impede the escape of gas from a particle, resulting in …
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A far infrared study of K+ ions during K+ ⇋ Ca2+ exchange …
K + ⇋ Ca 2+ exchange was performed on a mixed-layer (phlogopite-vermiculite) sample from Palabora, Republic of South Africa. Exchange isotherms, X-ray diffraction patterns and far infrared (FIR) spectra of the mineral were obtained. Different mineralogical phases were identified during the exchange process: K-vermiculite, Ca …
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Vermiculite: Structural Properties and Examples of …
Vermiculite: Structural Properties and Examples of the Use | IntechOpen. Home > Books > Clay Minerals in Nature - Their Characterization, Modification and …
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Clay mineral
Interstratified clay minerals. Many clay materials are mixtures of more than one clay mineral.One such mixture involves the interstratification of the layer clay minerals where the individual component layers of two or more kinds are stacked in various ways to make up a new structure different from those of its constituents.These interstratified structures …
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Interstratification in Vermiculite
Vermiculite (Libby, Mont.) was ground in a Waring blender in a 1 m NaCl solution and, after removal of excess electrolyte, the clay fraction was separated by sedimentation. The clay was predominantly vermiculite: X-ray diffraction patterns of Ca-saturated and oriented specimens showed an intense and sharp 15 Å and a weak 25 Å diffraction maxima and …
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Comparable study of vermiculites from four commercial
The term "hydrobiotite" was interpreted as regular 1:1 interstratification of biotite (or interlayer-deficient biotite) and vermiculite (Rieder et al., 1998). Vermiculites were classified as 2:1 phyllosilicates with clay mineral layer charge 0.6 < x < 0.9 eq/(Si,Al) 4 O 10, arising mostly from the tetrahedral substitution of Si 4 + by Al 3 ...
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Preparation and characterization of antibacterial silver/vermiculites
The layered 2:1 clay mineral vermiculite by comparison with the most studied lower charged montmorillonite can be considered to be very interesting material for scientific research of antibacterial composites. The negative layer charge of vermiculite as a consequence of the charge on tetrahedra can hold higher content of silver than ...
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On the mechanism of exfoliation of 'Vermiculite' | Clay …
On the mechanism of exfoliation of 'Vermiculite' - Volume 48 Issue 4. ... Brindley, G.W., Zalba, P. E. & Bethke, C. M. (1983) Hydrobiotite, a regular 1:1 interstratification of biotite and ... acid treatment and high shear mechanical treatment on the swelling and the particle size distribution of vermiculite. Applied Clay Science, Vol. 155 ...
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The mineral phase quantification of vermiculite and …
The mineral phase quantification of vermiculite and interstratified clay minerals-containing ores by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld method after K cation …
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