Mineral Commodity Summaries 2022
Government Stockpile: None. Events, Trends, and Issues: The global supply and consumption of scandium oxide was estimated to be about 15 to 25 tons per year. …Web
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Scandium (Sc) [Z = 21]
40% lighter than titanium. Assigned the status of a strategic metal by the EU in 2017. Mainly obtained as a by-product of mining rare earth and iron in China, phosphates in Kola (Fig. 78.1), uranium in Ukraine and Kazakhstan, and nickel laterite ore in …Web
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Processes | Free Full-Text | Recovering Scandium …
In this study, a roasting-hydrolysis-acid leaching process is used to extract scandium from the scandium rough concentrate. The scandium rough concentrate containing Sc2O3 of 76.98 g/t was …Web
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Recovery of scandium from silicate minerals by high-pressure …
A method of extracting scandium from a scandium-containing titanium ore by chlorination roasting-leaching was reported by Xiao et al. 21 The leaching efficiency of 83.39%–83.47% was reported under the comprehensive conditions of sodium chloride dosage 4 wt%, roasting temperature 900 °C, roasting time 90 min, leaching liquid–solid …Web
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Rio Tinto becomes the first producer of scandium oxide in
Scandium oxide is used to improve the performance of solid oxide fuel cells, which are used as a power source for data centres and hospitals, as well as in niche products such as lasers and lighting for stadiums or studios. ... The ore is used to produce high-quality titanium dioxide feedstock, pig iron, steel and metal at RTFT's ...Web
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Rio Tinto to open North America's first scandium plant …
Rio Tinto and the Quebec government have announced the development of the first scandium oxide plant in North America. The commercial-scale demonstration plant, which is already under …Web
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Recovery of scandium from various sources: A critical review of …
Many different resources have been considered as sources of scandium, such as tin ore (5.2–238 mg/kg) (Purwadi et al., 2019), Tomtor deposits ... [Emim][HSO 4]) for scandium and titanium extraction from Greek bauxite residue. Scandium extraction increased as iron and titanium leaching increases. The process efficiency reached 80% …Web
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Solvent Extraction of Scandium from Titanium Process Solutions
Titanium ores and concentrates (ilmenite and rutile) may contain appreciable amounts of scandium, ranging between 10 and 60 g/t [1, 2] or even higher, as a …Web
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A Novel Approach for Separation and Recovery of Titanium, Scandium
At present, acidic wastewater is directly neutralized with lime or limestone, which wastes resources such as titanium, scandium, and iron and generates a great deal of solid waste. This study proposes a novel approach for the separation and recovery of titanium, scandium, and iron from acidic wastewater and red gypsum utilization. The …Web
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Scandium
Products Scandium Scandium Extracting a critical mineral from waste Although it's available all over the world, scandium is usually only found naturally in very small …Web
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The Economic Geology of Scandium, the Runt of the
In many scandium deposits, clinopyroxene is the main ore mineral, although in some deposits scandium is hosted by minerals that also concentrate the other REEs. As is the case for these other REEs, the main source of scandium is the mantle and the conveyors of scandium are alkaline igneous rocks (and carbonatites), including Alaskan …Web
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Metallurgical processes for scandium recovery from various resources…
Recovery of scandium from titanium and zirconium ores. Some titanium minerals such as ilmenite (FeTiO 2) and rutile (TiO 2) contain significant amounts of scandium. For example, the magnetovana-ilmenite ore (an ilmenite with high content of vanadium) in Panzhihua, China, contains 0.002–0.004% Sc 2 O 3 (Chen, 1990). …Web
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On the supply dynamics of scandium, global resources, …
From the red mud, scandium, iron ore, titanium oxide and yttrium can be extracted. From the Bayer liquid, gallium, indium and germanium can be extracted. One ton of bauxite normally yields 0.2 ton of aluminium. The scandium resources were estimated from the equation (Sverdrup and Olafsdottir 2023, Sverdrup et al., 2023):Web
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Novel Approach for Enhanced Scandium and Titanium Leaching …
Titanium (Ti) and scandium (Sc) can be considered as the most potent candidate materials especially for future transportation industry, since they can propose …Web
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Rio Tinto enters scandium market with construction of new
The ore is then sent by boat to its metallurgical complex in Sorel-Tracy, Quebec, where high-quality titanium dioxide feedstock, pig iron, steel and metal powders are extracted. Together, the sites employ over 1,600 people.Web
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Scandium | Geoscience Australia
The USGS writes that scandium was produced in recent years as a by-product from the processing of a variety of ores in a number of countries: China (from iron ore, REE, titanium and zirconium …Web
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Recovery of scandium from red mud by leaching with titanium white waste
Recovery of scandium (Sc) from various wastes is generally one strategy to solve potential supply shortage problems of Sc. This work proposes a synergistic process for co-recovery of Sc by using the acid titanium white waste acid (TWWA) to leach the basic red mud, to which the acidity was adjusted with concentrated sulfuric acid when …Web
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Solvent Extraction of Scandium from Titanium Process Solutions
Titanium ores and concentrates (ilmenite and rutile) may contain appreciable amounts of scandium, ranging between 10 and 60 g/t [1, 2] or even higher [], as a substitute of titanium in the ilmenite or rutile crystal structure [].Upon smelting ilmenite, almost all scandium reports to the titania slag, and not to the iron metal [].The titania slag is used …Web
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Recovery of scandium from various sources: A critical review of …
Scandium production as a secondary source is currently carried out in China (iron ore, REE, titanium, and zirconium), Kazakhstan (uranium), Russia (apatite and …Web
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NioCorp Succeeds in Producing Scandium Metal at Pilot-Scale …
Scandium is also a critical component of advanced solid oxide fuel cells. Titanium is used in various lightweight alloys and is a key component of pigments used in paper, paint and plastics and is ...Web
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Extraction of Rare-Earth Elements from Silicate-Based Ore …
The European Union and several countries/regions classified the rare-earth elements (REEs), such as lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, and scandium, as critical due to the risk of supply interruption. For this reason, the growing demand for REEs has resulted in forgotten reserves receiving economic interest. So, the search for new sources and the …Web
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Scandium Data Sheet
Scandium was recovered from titanium, zirconium, cobalt, and nickel process streams. China, the Philippines, and Russia were the leading producers. Prices quoted for scandium oxide in the United States decreased ... Scandium lacks affinity for the common ore-forming anions; therefore, it is widely dispersed in the lithosphere andWeb
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SCANDIUM1
development to produce high-purity scandium from titanium dioxide acid waste and support commercial scale efforts. ... Scandium lacks affinity for the common ore-forming anions; therefore, it is widely dispersed in the lithosphere and forms solid solutions with low concentrations in more than 100 minerals. Scandium resources have beenWeb
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Scandium – Leaching and Extraction Chemistry | SpringerLink
Scandium (Sc) is the lightest of REE. It has atomic number 21, thus being the neighbor of calcium (Ca). Unlike calcium, which is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, Scandium is scarce, but still more abundant than lead, tin, silver etc. Scandium has the electron configuration [Ar]3s 2 3d 1.This immediately indicates that …Web
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Rio Tinto to open North America's first scandium plant in June
Rio Tinto discovered scandium oxide in the ore at its Lac Tio open pit mine in Havre-Saint-Pierre, Que., five years ago. ... to produce high-purity scandium oxide with a purity of over 99.99% from ...Web
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Scandium Solvent Extraction | SpringerLink
The paper by Hartley and Liao [ 10] adds further detail on the extraction of scandium from waste titanium production solutions with a 20% D2EHPA/5% TBP mixture in Exxsol 80 diluent. Titanium, zirconium and iron were scrubbed from the organic phase with 500 g/L sulfuric acid with an addition of 2% v/v hydrogen peroxide.Web
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Scandium: Ore deposits, the pivotal role of magmatic enrichment …
The ore grades vary greatly among different types of Sc deposits (and also localities due to different standard adopted among countries). ... Titanium oxides: Wagh and Pinnock, 1987: 36: Parnassos-Ghiona: ... Study on the occurrence state of scandium in Panxi vanadium-titanium magnetite. Nonferrous Met. (Mineral Processing Section), 6 …Web
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Production of scandium radionuclides for theranostic applications
Production routes for 43 Sc, 44g, 44m Sc and 47 Sc use either calcium, titanium or vanadium targets, typically enriched for the desired isotope. A summary of nuclear reactions, decay data, cross-sections, and targetry is given in Table 2, together with the chemical form, purity, enrichment and cost assessment of the target material (where …Web
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Titanium Dioxide
Titanium is a vital building block for renewable energy. When metal has to perform in extremely cold environments, like outer space; in extremely hot ones, like an airplane engine; or extremely erosive ones, like seawater, titanium is a strong choice – because of its high strength, light weight and resistance to erosion.Web
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Titanium
Titanium metal connects well with bone, so it has found surgical applications such as in joint replacements (especially hip joints) and tooth implants. The largest use of titanium is in the form of titanium (IV) oxide. It is extensively used as a pigment in house paint, artists' paint, plastics, enamels and paper.Web
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